What is Wayfinding?
Wayfinding can be described as the process of using visual information to find your way through a complex environment.
The clever use of landmarks, signage, pathways and environmental cues help first –time visitors navigate and experience a site without confusion

‘A key objective of wayfinding is to enable each person to form a mental map of a site or environment, so the clearer the physical payout of a site, the clearer those mental maps will be. In other words, even the most carefully conceived sign program can’t solve all the problems of navigating site that contains confusing, circuitous pathways. In such cases, the sign program is like using a Bans-Aid to patch together a rather large wound: It’s some help, but not a panacea. Think about it: How many times have you blamed the signs when you’re having difficulty navigating a complicated highway interchange? In many such cases, the signs themselves aren’t the problem; they can only do so much to guide you through what is underlying problem: a badly laid-out interchange.

Wayfinding is an active process, requiring mental engagement and attention to the environment one is trying to navigate. That is why the navigator is just as important as the driver in a sports car rally. The fact is, however, that many people are better at understanding information given to them verbally and so would rather ask someone how to go from point A to point B than to follow the signs or read a map. Signage and other visual wayfinding cues can, however, help even these people navigate their environment when there’s no one around to ask’

Source –
 Signage and Wayfinding Design

A complete guide to creating Environmental Graphic Design Systems – Chris Calori

Wayfinding Sign Program
At Re-imagine we base our approach on the client’s requirements. We work closely with the client and use a consensus based approach process to achieve desired results.
This is the step by step approach used when undertaking a Wayfinding Sign Program

• Needs Assessment - Site review / Blueprints
• Site planning – Quantities – Locations – Functional requirements – Budget Forecast
• Sign Wording – Develop wording for signs
• Design Development – Define sign types
• Project Overview and Evaluation – Design Review – Budget confirmation
• Approvals by – Client – Architect / Consultants
• Contract Documents – Plans, Drawings, Schedules and Specifications
• The Bid Process- Vendor selection- Liaison
• Coordination – Review submittals, shop drawings, samples - Installation
• Final Review – Inspection / Sign offs

Source NCBI

Recommendations for signage

1. Locate signs where they are clearly visible.
2. A person with low vision may be able to read a sign if they can approach the sign for close up viewing. Wall mounted signs are ideal. Signs should be placed at eye level. The optimum height for viewing at eye level is 1400 - 1700mm above floor level.
3. Position signs where the reader will not obstruct circulation paths.
4. Signs that are projecting or being suspended from the ceiling must be positioned above head height at 2200mm from floor level. Although it is important that the sign does not create a head height obstacle, it is equally important that the size of the lettering increases in proportion to the distance from the reader.

Letter Height for Direction Signs
The readability of a sign will be influenced by its position, size, viewing distance and colour and contrast between the lettering and background. As the distance between the sign and reader increases, the size of the lettering must increase proportionately.

• Close-up reading
  For wall mounted information signs, where a reader can get up close to the sign, a minimum letter height of 15-20mm is recommended.

• Medium range reading
  For identification signs in reception areas or directional signage in a building, a minimum letter height of 50-100mm should be used. The greater the distance between the sign and the reader, the larger the letter height.

• Reading distance of 5 metres
  Best letter height 290mm

• Reading distance of 4 metres
  Best reading height 240mm

• Reading distance of 3 metres
  Best letter height 180mm

• Reading distance of 2 metres
  Best letter height 120mm

• Reading distance of 1 metre
  Best letter height 60mm

In general, a minimum letter height of 150mm is recommended at building entrances or for house numbers.

1. Colour and Contrast of the lettering and the background must be considered. Black on white or white on black are good contrasting colours. Sometimes, however, black and white can give too much reflection and so more muted colours can improve visibility e.g. navy background with cream text, black background and yellow text or cream background with navy/black text.
2. For very large text - negative text is best.
3. Sign Lettering should use upper and lower case letters, as words retain a shape for easy reading. Letters used should be plain (sans serif). Arial, Helvetica, Futura, Avant Garde, Times New Roman, Sabon, Bembo, Century Schoolbook, Akzidenz Grotesque or Baskerville are good choices of lettering typefaces.
4. The surface of the sign should have a matt finish to reduce reflection and glare.
5. The illumination of a sign should be considered. A sign must be visible in daylight and at night. When a sign is illuminated, the light source must be shielded from the viewer to prevent glare.
6. If a wall mounted sign has raised letters or Braille that are to be felt, the tactile letters should be placed at a height of 1400 - 1700mm above floor level. The letters should be raised 1.5mm and the edges of the raised characters should be slightly rounded. The recommended stroke width of each character is 1.5 - 2mm for a 15mm letter.

Room Numbers
Position room number signs and names on the wall adjacent to the door handle and not on the door to avoid the door being opened whilst being read by touch. The top of room number signs should be at 1600mm from floor level.

Lifts

• Floor storey numbers on signs in lifts need to be a minimum of 100mm in height and sited between 900 to 1200mm above the car floor.

• Colour and contrast is of the utmost importance. Use negative text for the lift buttons so that the controls can be easily distinguished from their background. The emergency button should be easily identifiable, using colour, Braille and tactile features.

• Lift control and call buttons should also have tactile raised characters that are repeated in Braille. The characters should be raised with a minimum of 1.5mm from the button face and be a minimum of 1.5mm high.

• Call and control buttons should require a light push down pressure so that the person knows that they have pressed the button.

• Call and control buttons should provide confirmation that the button has worked e.g. visual output where the button illuminates.

Conventions for colours and shapes help to communicate information effectively

• Yellow triangles with the symbol in black - indicate a potential hazard.

• Green rectangles indicate a safe condition, for example EXIT. Text should be white on green background or visa versa.

• Red circles indicate prohibition and blue circles indicate an action to be taken, for example, 'Keep Door Shut'. Symbol should be white on the blue background.